基于主成分分析法的城市道路交通安全评价

为客观地评价城市不同道路的交通安全水平,改善交通安全。从微观角度出发,采用主成分分析法(PCA)筛选出对城市道路交通安全有较大影响的主要指标,并结合统计软件SPSS计算出不同道路安全水平的综合评价值,得到不同道路的安全状况。实证结果表明:从微观角度用PCA对道路交通安全评价是可行的,且评价过程避免了主观随意性。在相关指标较多,且不易区分优劣的情况下,能够突现出部分指标因素对道路整体安全水平的影响,评价结果与实际情况一致。     

皂素提取头道液的典型有机物组成研究

利用紫外、红外拉曼光谱和GC/MS对传统皂素生产工艺、S-F工艺和E-S工艺头道液废水的有机物组成进行了分析。结果表明,传统工艺、S-F和E-S工艺头道液废水的有机物主要是醛类,此外,传统工艺头道液中检测到的22种有机物中,还有大量生物难降解的杂环类（12.24%）;而S-F和E-S工艺头道液中检测到的25种和31种有...     

Interpretation of black sea sediments analytical data by the clustering approach

Analytical data consisting of chemical concentration of 11 inorganic components in 20 sampling stations from sediments collected from south‐western part of the Black Sea are treated by cluster analysis. The clustering reflects quite satisfactorily the relations between sampling zones and between chemical elements revealing new chemical and geochemical information.     

南京大气细颗粒物中水溶性组分的污染特征

为了解南京城区大气细颗粒物中水溶性组分的污染特征,在国控点草场门进行了连续一年的PM_2.5采样与分析。6种离子日均浓度为5.29~67.6 μg/m³,其中SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、NO₃^-是PM_2.5的主要组成成分,6 种离子约占PM_2.5总质量的31%,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺相关性较好,NH₄⁺是PM_2.5中硫酸盐和硝酸盐中居于主导地位的离子。     

Why are Californians interested in hybrid cars?

This paper explores quantitatively Californians' interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on a statewide phone survey conducted in July 2004 by the Public Policy Institute of California. The paper develops ordered choice models and factors that summarise beliefs about energy and the environment using principal component analysis. As expected, Californians concerned about the environment, energy efficiency, global warming and recent increases in the price of gasoline state a higher interest in hybrids; an even more important reason for considering hybrid electric vehicles, however, is the possibility of using high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes while driving alone, especially for people with potentially long commutes to work. The findings also suggest that beliefs about energy and the environment should be included in vehicle type choice models.     

Microalgae cultured by sewage and organic constituents

The microalgae could be multiplied by supplying only sewage influent or effluent without any additional microalgal stock or nutrient salt. In a semicontinuous culture, the N:P weight ratios consumed were 14:1 and 18:1 for the sewage influent and effluent, respectively. The total cell number and green algae ratio of microalgae cultivated by semicontinuous culture exceeded those of batch culture. No cyanobacterial cells were observed in the semicontinuous culture using the sewage effluent. The organic components in the cultured microalgae using sewage effluent, eluted by n-hexane, were determined. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid exceeded that of saturated fatty acid, which was possibly attributable to the fluidity of the cell membrane. The squalene was also obtained by the culture using sewage alone, free of any external stock or nutrient salt. The higher heating value of the microalgae of semicontinuous culture using the sewage influent was 25 MJ kg⁻¹, corresponding to the heating value of lignite and showing the potential of the sewage culture microalgae as a means of power generation and combustion aid.     

武汉市青山区道路尘碳组分污染特征及来源分析

为研究武汉市道路尘中碳组分污染特征及来源,于2018年5月在武汉市青山区采集道路尘样品,用热光碳分析仪测定样品中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、烟炱(soot)和焦炭(char)含量,并使用特征比值法、相关分析及主成分分析法对道路尘碳组分污染特征和来源进行探讨分析.结果表明,道路尘中OC、EC、soot和char含量平均值分别为1.29、2.21、2.04、0.17 g·kg^-1,说明不同碳组分含量存在较大的空间变异性.相关性分析表明OC和EC的来源存在一定差异,且EC主要贡献来源是soot.OC;EC和char;soot比值和主成分分析结果表明,武汉市青山区道路尘中碳组分主要来源于机动车尾气和燃煤排放,也可能受到生物质燃烧的影响.     

不同植茶年限土壤氮素组分变化及其与环境因子关系

茶园土壤氮素组分变化影响茶园土壤供氮能力和氮素循环.以植茶30、50和70 a的茶园土壤为研究对象,探讨不同植茶年限土壤氮素组分变化特征及其与理化性质和酶活性之间的关系.结果表明：①随着植茶年限的增加,粉粒、全磷、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加,砂粒、黏粒、pH、电导率、有机碳和蔗糖酶活性逐渐降低,碱性磷酸酶活性先增加后降低,土壤含水量和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著变化.②随着植茶年限的增加,酸解性铵态氮、氨基酸态氮和硝态氮含量显著增加,且茶园土壤全氮、酸解性铵态氮、未知态氮和非酸解氮含量显著高于林地.③全磷、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶是土壤氮素组分变化的主要影响因子.其中,有机氮组分与全磷、碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,无机氮组分与碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,全氮与砂粒、粉粒、全磷、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性具有极显著的相关性.     

滩涂湿地污灌系统生态监测指标体系的研究与构建

对在滩涂湿地建立的生态工业园区进行调查研究,用生态方法和化学成分分析方法对各物种和生物体进行研究,初步构建了滩涂湿地污灌系统生态监测指标体系,期望能够对造纸废水的处理、滩涂湿地的开发利用以及滩涂湿地生态系统起到较好的保护和改善作用,为生态工业园区建设提供较好的安全保障.     

Spatial and Temporal Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Spheroidal Carbonaceous Particles in Remote European Lakes

Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been measured in the dated sediment cores of 10 remote lakes distributed across Europe. The geographic trends were evaluated by examination of the superficial sediment fluxes and total sediment inventories. The highest levels of both markers were observed in the Eastern European lakes whereas the minimal values corresponded to the lake located in the Arctic. However, this SCP-PAH correlation was not observed after exclusion of the end member lakes from the series. The temporal trends of both pollutant markers are consistent with the history of pyrolytic emissions over Europe. However, the downcore SCP distributions are shorter than the PAH profiles in nearly all lakes. The differences are probably related to the different size particle fractions involved in the measurement of each marker, >5 and >1 m for SCP and PAH, respectively. Thus, the two proxies probably reflect pollution inputs from closer (SCP) and more distant sites (PAH).